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Getters and Setters in Python

 


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Getters and Setters in Python

Getters and setters in Python are used to ensure that an attribute's value is retrieved and updated in a controlled way. In Python, the @property decorator is used to define getters, setters, and deleters.

1. Using @property

The @property decorator allows you to define methods that behave like attributes. This makes the code more readable and maintainable.

Example:


class Person:
    def __init__(self, name):
        self._name = name

    # Getter method
    @property
    def name(self):
        return self._name

    # Setter method
    @name.setter
    def name(self, value):
        if isinstance(value, str) and value.strip():
            self._name = value
        else:
            raise ValueError("Name must be a non-empty string")

# Create an instance of the class
person = Person("John")

# Access the name attribute using the getter
print(person.name)  # Output: John

# Update the name attribute using the setter
person.name = "Jane"
print(person.name)  # Output: Jane

# Attempt to set an invalid name
try:
    person.name = ""
except ValueError as e:
    print(e)  # Output: Name must be a non-empty string

Getters and setters provide a way to control access to an attribute, allowing for validation and other logic to be applied when the attribute is accessed or modified.

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